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Figure 5 | Frontiers in Zoology

Figure 5

From: Organization and metamorphic remodeling of the nervous system in juveniles of Phoronopsis harmeri(Phoronida): insights into evolution of the bilaterian nervous system

Figure 5

FMRFamide-like immunoreactive nervous system in Phoronopsis harmeri at consecutive stages of metamorphosis. In all images, the apical is at the top. Z-projections (B-I) of animals after mono- and double staining for FMRFamide (green), phalloidin (blue), and alpha-tubulin (cyan). (A) Live whole animal at first stage of metamorphosis. The oral side is to the right. (B) The same stage; anterior portion of the body and the preoral lobe. The oral side is to the right. (C) The same stage; anterior part of the body with esophageal and anal nerve elements. The esophageal immunoreactive neurites and perikarya are indicated by open arrowheads. The tentacular nerve ring is indicated by double arrowheads. (D) The stage when the postoral ciliated band is ingested. Whole animal viewed from the right side. (E) A 3-day-old juvenile viewed from the oral side; anterior part of the body. (F) The same stage; a part of the tentacular nerve ring. (G) The same stage; the part of the midgut with neurites and perikarya (closed arrowheads). (H) A 3-day-old juvenile viewed from the anal side. (I) The same stage; the upper part of the esophagus. Abbreviations: ar – anal nerve ring; ao – apical organ;dn – dorsal neurites; bm – blood masses; ep – epistome; eps – epithelium of the esophagus; es – esophagus; esn – neurites innervating the esophagus; fo – frontal organ; m – mouth; mg – midgut; mgn – neurites in the midgut; mn – medial neurite bundle; pl – preoral lobe; pm – posterior marginal neurite bundle; pt – posterior part of the larval body with the telotroch; sd – stomach diverticulum; t – tentacle; ten – tentacular neurites; tn – tentacular (main) nerve ring; trn – neurites innervating the trunk; trp – perikarya innervating the trunk; tt – telotroch.

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