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Figure 7 | Frontiers in Zoology

Figure 7

From: Muscle formation during embryogenesis of the polychaete Ophryotrocha diadema (Dorvilleidae) – new insights into annelid muscle patterns

Figure 7

Three to four chaetigerous ciliary bands: ventral view. Scale bars = 50 μm, anterior is to the left. A-D. Phalloidin staining (inset of A shows phalloidin in red, and anti-acetylated tubulin staining in green) A. Ventral view. The ventral straight (sVLM) and diagonal prostomial muscles (dVLM) reach into the prostomium. The inner projection of the dVLM (asterisk) is less developed than the lateral projections. The pharyngeal muscles (phar) are heavily stained. The muscles of the first three parapodia (forming sequentially) are evident, and illustrate the developmental sequence. The most posterior parapodium shows only the outer posterior parapodial muscle (opPM) at this point, whereas the parapodia of the first chaetiger display the complete adult musculature: outer (oaPM) and inner anterior parapodial muscles (iaPM), chaetal muscles (chm), acicular muscles (am). The outer (opPM) and inner posterior parapodial muscle (ipPM) are not individually discernable. The chaetae of the fourth chaetiger (ch) are already visible. B. Ventrolateral view, phalloidin staining. Labeling as in A. Dorsal longitudinal muscle (DLM). Between this segment and the transverse muscle ring of the pygidium (tagged arrow) several transverse muscles are present within the zone of segment proliferation (open arrow). Ventral longitudinal muscle (VLM), median ventral longitudinal muscle (mVLM). C. Same as in B, phalloidin staining, depth coded (in μm). D. Close up from C, phalloidin staining, depth coded. Muscles of the parapodium: outer (oaPM) and inner anterior parapodial muscle), outer/inner posterior parapodial muscle (opPM), chaetal muscle (chm), acicular muscle (am) and ventral longitudinal muscle (VLM). Chaetal (chm) and acicular muscles (am) are still in close proximity.

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