Weighing costs and benefits of mating in bushcrickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with an emphasis on nuptial gifts, protandry and mate density

Table 2 Protandry across bushcricket species

Species	Length of	Ref.	Protandry	Sample size	Origin of individuals	Ref.	Sperm	Ref.
	adult season		[days]	(males, females)			competition
Decticus verrucivorus	3-4 months	[64]	≤ 10 days	115, 106	ex nymphs, lab reared	[142]	sperm mixing	[148]
Poecilimon aegaeus	4 weeks	*	0.6 days	32, 21	ex nymphs, lab reared	*	last male precedence	[144, 145]
Poecilimon ampliatus	4-6 weeks	*	1.3 days	150, 63	ex nymphs, lab reared	*	last male precedence	[144, 145]
Poecilimon mariannae	4 weeks	[89]	3 days	25-57, 32-85	field samples	**	last male precedence	[144, 145]
Requena verticalis	10 weeks	[143]	35 days	14-21, 2-14	field samples	[143]	first male precedence	[146]

The difference, measured in days, between the mean appearance (50%) of mature males and females from lab reared or field collected specimens.
*Lehmann unpublished, data on file, **this article Figure3.

ISSN: 1742-9994