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Fig. 1 | Frontiers in Zoology

Fig. 1

From: Mandible evolution in the Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and adaptations to coprophagous habits

Fig. 1

Mouthparts of coprophagous and phytophagous scarabs. Mandible (a, e); maxillary (b, f); epipharynx (c, g); labium (d, h). Coprophagous scarabs (a–d) represented by a: Synapsis yunnanus, b: Heliocopris dominus, c: Onthophagus (Palaeonthophagus) gibbulus, and d: Paracopris punctulatus. Phytophagous scarabs (e–h) represented by Mimela passerinii mediana. One curve (=50 landmarks) was selected from the mandible (a) for the geometric morphometric analysis

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