Fig. 3

Morphological comparison of the mandible from three feeding types (omnivory, phytophagy and coprophagy) based on 3D models. Scarabaeinae: Kheper devotus (a–h); Dynastinae: Allomyrina dichotoma (i–p); Trogidae: Trox sp. (q–x). Lateral view (a, b, i, j, q, r); dorsal view (c, k, s); ventral view (d, l, t); cross-sections in different positions (e–h, m–p, u–x; percentages indicate the cross-sectional area of each position divided by the top 4/6 position)