Geckos decouple fore- and hind limb kinematics in response to changes in incline

Birn-Jeffery, Aleksandra V.; Higham, Timothy E.

doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0144-2

Frontiers in Zoology

Table 1 Means and ANOVA results for spatio-temporal variables for the forelimb and hind limb

From: Geckos decouple fore- and hind limb kinematics in response to changes in incline

	Mean ± s.e.m.	Difference from level				F-statistic (degrees of freedom)	P-value
	Level	+10°	+45°	-45°	-10°	F-statistic (degrees of freedom)	P-value
Velocity (ms^-1)	0.57 ± 0.067	0.03 ± 0.061	-0.02 ± 0.052	0.12 ± 0.057	-0.05 ± 0.031	-	-
Velocity (ms^-1/sqrt(ms^-2aSVL))	0.67 ± 0.055	0.02 ± 0.059	-0.01 ± 0.053	0.13 ± 0.065	-0.06 ± 0.029	1.50 (4,20)	0.24
Forelimb
T_stance (s)	0.08 ± 0.008	-0.01 ± 0.008	0.00 ± 0.010	-0.02 ± 0.008	0.01 ± 0.007	1.54 (4,20)	0.23
T_swing (s)	0.06 ± 0.003	0.00 ± 0.002	0.00 ± 0.004	-0.03 ± 0.003^a	0.00 ± 0.004	9.61 (4,20)	<0.005
T_stride (s)	0.14 ± 0.010	-0.01 ± 0.010	0.00 ± 0.011	-0.05 ± 0.010^a	0.01 ± 0.009	3.61 (4,20)	0.02
DF	0.56 ± 0.024	-0.02 ± 0.020	0.00 ± 0.030	0.07 ± 0.025	0.01 ± 0.016	1.13 (4,20)	0.37
Stride Freq (Hz)	7.76 ± 0.592	0.07 ± 0.56	0.03 ± 0.588	4.16 ± 0.977^a	-0.42 ± 0.415	5.45 (4,20)	<0.005
Step Length (m/SVL)	0.58 ± 0.009	-0.01 ± 0.007	-0.05 ± 0.009	-0.10 ± 0.002	-0.00 ± 0.007	1.13 (4,20)	0.31
Stride Length (m/SVL)	0.91 ± 0.015	0.00 ± 0.022	-0.08 ± 0.009	-0.17 ± 0.014	0.14 ± 0.047	0.76 (4,20)	0.40
Hind limb
T_stance (s)	0.09 ± 0.008	-0.00 ± 0.014	0.02 ± 0.013	-0.01 ± 0.015	0.02 ± 0.007	1.30 (4,20)	0.30
T_swing (s)	0.05 ± 0.003	0.00 ± 0.002	-0.00 ± 0.003	-0.01 ± 0.003^a	0.00 ± 0.003	4.56 (4,20)	0.008
T_stride (s)	0.14 ± 0.009	-0.00 ± 0.015	0.02 ± 0.015	-0.03 ± 0.018	0.02 ± 0.006	1.85 (4,20)	0.16
DF	0.62 ± 0.022	-0.01 ± 0.038	0.04 ± 0.021	0.02 ± 0.033	0.04 ± 0.025	0.48 (4,20)	0.75
Stride Freq (Hz)	7.51 ± 0.521	-0.17 ± 0.797	-0.44 ± 0.708	2.36 ± 1.264	-1.18 ± 0.358	2.75 (4,20)	0.06
Step Length (m/SVL)	0.61 ± 0.018	-0.03 ± 0.024	-0.05 ± 0.009	-0.16 ± 0.023^a	-0.05 ± 0.009	8.21 (4,20)	<0.005
Stride Length (m/SVL)	0.99 ± 0.046	-0.06 ± 0.053	-0.10 ± 0.035	-0.25 ± 0.020^a	-0.12 ± 0.041	4.36 (4,20)	0.02

T is time, DF is duty factor and SVL is snout-vent length
^aDenotes significant differences from level

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ISSN: 1742-9994

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