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Fig. 1 | Frontiers in Zoology

Fig. 1

From: An integrative systematic framework helps to reconstruct skeletal evolution of glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida)

Fig. 1

Some examples of glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida). a-c, e-h from off Hawaii (images a and e-h captured by the Deep Discoverer ROV onboard the NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer, courtesy of NOAA OER; images b-c captured by the Pisces 4 and 5 submersibles onboard the R/V Kaimikai-o-Kanaloa, courtesy of HURL); d from off New Zealand, Chatham Rise (image captured by DTIS [Deep Towed Imaging System] onboard RV Tangaroa, courtesy of NIWA). a-d examples of dictyonal sponges, e-h examples of lyssacine sponges (see text). a-g subclass Hexasterophora, h subclass Amphidiscophora. a Farrea occa (Farreidae), specimen 10–30 cm high, 2026 m depth. b Heterorete sp. (Euretidae), specimen 30–50 cm (?) diameter, 1559 m depth. c Tretopleura sp. (Uncinateridae), specimen 51 cm high, 888 m depth. d Aulocalyx australis (Aulocalycidae), specimen ~6 cm in diameter, 770–919 m depth. e Lophocalyx sp. (Rossellidae Lanuginellinae), specimens 10–50 cm high, depth 2247 m. f Regadrella sp. (Euplectellidae Corbitellinae, showing the iconical “venus-flower basket” body shape), specimen 5–30 cm high, 2132 m depth. g Saccocalyx sp. (Euplectellidae Bolosominae; note fleshy stalk below main body), specimen 30–50 cm (?) high, 1557 m depth. h Hyalonema sp. (Hyalonematidae; note stalk of naked anchor spicules below main body), specimen 5–10 cm high, 4824 m depth

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