Table 1 Medians, interquartile ranges and statistical comparisons of running speed, vertical position and amplitude of the COM, lateral amplitude of the COM, amplitudes of pitch and yaw, mean values and amplitudes of the angle between thorax and abdomen and the means of the mass specific external mechanical energy (M COM ) as described in the methods section. The values for alternating tripodal (alt) and metachronal (met) runs on slippery (s) and non-slippery (ns) substrates were tested against each other via one-way ANOVA. The sample sizes (n) refer to the numbers of examined strides. Significant differences on the 5% level are indicated by black dots
Parameter | Slipperyness | Pattern | Median (Q25/Q75) | Unit | n | Significance | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ns | ns | s | s | ||||||
alt | met | alt | met | ||||||
running | ns | alt | 0.12 (0.09/0.20) | ms−1 | 62 | ● | |||
speed | ns | met | 0.21 (0.17/0.24) | 74 | ● | ● | ● | ||
s | alt | 0.16 (0.13/0.19) | 74 | ● | |||||
s | met | 0.18 (0.13/0.20) | 69 | ● | |||||
vertical | ns | alt | 3.66 (3.36/4.11) | mm | 62 | ||||
position | ns | met | 3.74 (3.44/4.04) | 74 | |||||
s | alt | 3.82 (3.38/4.22) | 74 | ||||||
s | met | 3.65 (3.32/4.03) | 69 | ||||||
vertical | ns | alt | 0.94 (0.54/1.31) | mm | 62 | ● | ● | ||
peak-to-peak | ns | met | 0.63 (0.37/0.80) | 74 | ● | ● | |||
amplitude | s | alt | 1.02 (0.85/1.30) | 74 | ● | ● | |||
s | met | 0.51 (0.36/1.02) | 69 | ● | ● | ||||
lateral | ns | alt | 1.55 (1.03/2.56) | mm | 62 | ||||
peak-to-peak | ns | met | 1.73 (1.05/2.21) | 74 | |||||
amplitude | s | alt | 1.55 (1.17/2.23) | 74 | |||||
s | met | 1.42 (1.04/1.99) | 69 | ||||||
pitch | ns | alt | 7.5 (4.6/10.1) | ° | 62 | ● | ● | ||
peak-to-peak | ns | met | 4.5 (3.1/7.0) | 74 | ● | ||||
amplitude | s | alt | 5.9 (3.8/8.0) | 74 | ● | ||||
s | met | 4.6 (2.6/7.2) | 69 | ● | ● | ||||
yaw | ns | alt | 8.0 (4.9/10.9) | ° | 62 | ||||
peak-to-peak | ns | met | 6.8 (4.6/10.3) | 74 | |||||
amplitude | s | alt | 8.1 (5.5/10.6) | 74 | |||||
s | met | 8.0 (4.7/10.6) | 69 | ||||||
∠TA | ns | alt | 172.0 (168.2/172.8) | ° | 62 | ● | ● | ||
ns | met | 167.1 (156.3/168.6) | 74 | ● | ● | ||||
s | alt | 168.0 (165.8/172.6) | 74 | ● | ● | ||||
s | met | 163.6 (159.3/165.5) | 69 | ● | ● | ||||
∠TA | ns | alt | 4.5 (3.1/6.5) | ° | 62 | ||||
peak-to-peak | ns | met | 4.4 (2.8/5.8) | 74 | |||||
amplitude | s | alt | 4.7 (3.3/6.5) | 74 | |||||
s | met | 4.1 (3.1/5.3) | 69 | ||||||
M COM | ns | alt | 1.86 (1.29/2.46) | J·kg−1·m−1 | 62 | ● | ● | ||
ns | met | 1.47 (1.07/1.81) | 74 | ● | ● | ||||
s | alt | 1.82 (1.57/2.34) | 74 | ● | ● | ||||
s | met | 1.63 (1.13/2.01) | 69 | ● | ● | ||||