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Fig. 13 | Frontiers in Zoology

Fig. 13

From: Unity in diversity: a survey of muscular systems of ctenostome Gymnolaemata (Lophotrochozoa, Bryozoa)

Fig. 13

Myoanatomy of the lophophoral base of selected ctenostomes showing the four different sets of muscle in this region. a Arachnidioidea, Nolella dilatata. Lateral view, maximum intensity projection. b Paludicelloidea, Paludicella articulata. Lateral view, volume rendering. c Victorelloidea, Victorella pavida. Lateral view, maximum intensity projection. d Alcyonidioidea, Alcyonidium gelatinosum. Slight oblique view, volume rendering. e Vesicularioidea, Amathia verticillata. Lateral view, volume rendering. f Walkerioidea, Mimosella verticillata. Slight oblique view, volume rendering. Abbreviations: al – abfrontal lophophoral base muscle, bd – buccal dilatator, fl – frontal lophophoral base muscle, mo – mouth opening, ph – pharynx, rm – retractor muscle, tm – tentacle muscles, vm – ‘v-shaped’ lophophoral base muscle

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