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Table 1 Experimental findings on the stiffness of tree frogs’ toe pads

From: Tree frog attachment: mechanisms, challenges, and perspectives

Reference

Species

Effective elastic modulus E∗

d i

r i

Remarks

  

[kPa]

[µm]

[µm]

 

[21]

L. caerulea

33.5  ± 4.1

0.2

—

Ex vivo, AFM, Hertz theory

 

R. prominanus

28.7  ± 10.5

   

[22]

L. caerulea

14000

1.6

—

Pyramidal AFM tip

[47]

L. caerulea

4–25

200

—

Spherical MT, JKR-model

[69]

L. caerulea

54  ± 7

0.5

0.4

Ex vivo, Spherical AFM, Hertz theory

  

40.7  ± 3.2

 

13.3

 
  1. di indentation depth, ri indenter radius, AFM atomic force microscopy, JKR Johnson-Kendall-Roberts, MT microtribometry