Fig. 1From: Neuroendocrine patterns underlying seasonal song and year-round territoriality in male black redstartsMale behaviors measured in response to a simulated territorial intrusion (STI) across seasons. Mean estimates ± 95% CI are shown together with individual data points. The latency of males to approach to the decoy (a), the time they spent in a five-meter radius around the decoy (b), the head nodding frequency (c), and the closest approach to the decoy (d) did not differ between breeding (N = 9), molt (N = 10) and nonbreeding (N = 14)Back to article page