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Table 3 Comparisons of the patterns of covariance for the symmetric (individual variation, Ind) and asymmetric (fluctuating asymmetry, FA) components of shape variation for the mandible and cranium

From: Canalization and developmental stability of the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) mandible and cranium related to age and nematode parasitism

 

Shape component

R

P

Shape component

R

P

Mandible

A1 versus A2

Symmetric

0.923

 < 0.0001

Asymmetric

0.896

 < 0.0001

A1 versus A3

Symmetric

0.925

 < 0.0001

Asymmetric

0.821

 < 0.0001

A2 versus A3

Symmetric

0.921

 < 0.0001

Asymmetric

0.910

 < 0.0001

Cranium

A1 versus A2

Symmetric

0.855

 < 0.0001

Asymmetric

0.876

 < 0.0001

A1 versus A3

Symmetric

0.829

 < 0.0001

Asymmetric

0.879

 < 0.0001

A2 versus A3

Symmetric

0.855

 < 0.0001

Asymmetric

0.852

 < 0.0001

  1. Age categories: A1—first age category, A2—second age category, A3—third age category. R—matrix correlation. P values are from matrix permutation tests against the null hypothesis of complete dissimilarity between the respective covariance matrices